The Entuity Routing Protocol module comes with the following protocols:
- BGP Routing Protocol.
- EIGRP Routing Protocol.
- OSPF Routing Protocol.
- IS-IS Routing Protocol.
BGP Routing Protocol
The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the core protocol of the internet. BGP maintains a table of IP networks or 'prefixes' which designate network reachability among autonomous systems (AS). It is the purpose of BGP to pass information between AS.
To achieve scalability, BGP uses many route parameters, called attributes, to define routing policies and maintain a stable routing environment. BGP neighbors exchange full routing information when the TCP connection between neighbors is first established.
When changes to the routing table are detected, the BGP routers send to their neighbors only those routes that have changed. BGP routers do not send periodic routing updates, and BGP routing updates advertise only the optimal path to a destination network.
BGP peering details can be viewed against devices that support BGP. In Entuity, you can follow BGP peering by viewing the local device, opening its BGP peers, and track the associations within the network. Entuity supports BGP through the Routing Protocols module which is activated through configure.
Device Advanced Info
Attribute | Description |
---|---|
BGP Local AS | local AS of the device. |
BGP Identifier | each router running BGP must have a BGP identifier. This identifier is included in the BGP identifier field of open messages, which are sent between two BGP peers when establishing a BGP session. |
BGP Device Attributes
Attribute | Description |
---|---|
Local IP Address | local IP address of the device. |
Remote AS | describes routing domain; e.g. each building may have its own number. |
Peer Type |
when set to:
|
BGP Peer Stream Attributes
Attribute | Description |
---|---|
BGP Peer State |
when set to:
|
BGP Admin Status |
administrator set value when set to:
|
Established Transitions Count |
number of changes in peer status during the polling period. A high value may indicate flapping and require further investigation. |
Established Time |
only transitions into and out of the Established state cause this timer to be reset. |
EIGRP Routing Protocol
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is a Cisco proprietary routing protocol. EIGRP is an advanced distance-vector routing protocol, with optimizations to minimize both the routing instability incurred after topology changes, as well as the use of bandwidth and processing power in the router.
Entuity supports EIGRP through the Routing Protocols module, which is activated through configure.
EIGRP peer attributes
Attribute | Description |
---|---|
Local IP Address | local IP address of the device. |
Remote IP Address | source IP address used by the peer to establish EIGRP adjacency with this router. |
EIGRP local interface
Attribute | Description |
---|---|
Name | interface identification. |
Device Name | IP address or resolved device name. |
Type (IANA) | device type. |
EIGRP peer stream attributes
Attribute | Description |
---|---|
EIGRP Peer State |
when set to:
|
Established Time |
time the peer has been in its current state. On first establishing of the peer, the format of the time and date values in the MIB changes frequently. On the first day, new values are written to the database every five minutes. after the first day, Entuity only updates established information daily. |
IS-IS Routing Protocol
The Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) is an interior gateway protocol, intended to work in administrative domains and networks. It is a link-state routing protocol, that uses the DECnet Phase V routing method, in which routers exchange data about routing using a single metric to determine the network topology. Each IS-IS router independently builds a database of the network's topology, aggregating the flooded network information, from which it computes the best path for each packet it forwards.
As with the OSPF protocol, IS-IS uses Dijkstra's algorithm for computing the best path through the network. However, IS-IS is an OSI network protocol and therefore does not use IP addressing. Whilst the Entuity map route protocols implementation is for IPv4 addressing, and though IS-IS may appear to identify links between IPv6 devices, the peering is not through IPv6 addressing, but through the device's MAC addresses.
Packets are then forwarded using the computed ideal path through the network to the destination.
Entuity supports IS-IS through the Routing Protocols module, which is activated through configure.
IS-IS Support
The Entuity implementation of IS-IS routing protocol support represents:
- IS-IS peers at the device level.
- IS-IS circuits at the device level.
- IS-IS Port Peers at the port level.
- peering from one device's IS-IS peered port to the other device's IS-IS peered port.
IS-IS routing protocol support includes its representation on the map. The Entuity map allows the:
- display of IS-IS Port Peer connectivity, identifying each end of the port peers.
- drill-down of the port peers.
- color of the link between peers to show the state of each peer.
IS-IS allows includes events and their associated incidents for identifying when:
- IS-IS Peer Disappeared.
- IS-IS Peer Established.
- IS-IS Peer Newly Discovered.
- IS-IS Peer Not Established.
IPv6 Peering
Entuity has a number of methods for obtaining IP addresses for port peers. Entuity only stores IPv4 addresses and uses those for port peering. IS-IS may appear to identify links between IPv6 devices; however, the peering is not through the IPv6 addressing but through the device's MAC addresses.
OSPF Routing Protocol
The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol is a hierarchical interior gateway protocol (IGP) for routing in Internet Protocol, using a link-state in the individual areas that make up the hierarchy. Routing Protocols Extension supports OSPF version 2, which supports IPv4.
A link state database (LSDB) is constructed as a tree-image of the network topology, and identical copies of the LSDB are periodically updated on all routers in each OSPF-aware area. By convention, area 0 represents the core region of an OSPF-enabled network, and other OSPF area numbers may be designated to serve other regions of an enterprise (large, business) network - however every additional OSPF area must have a direct or virtual connection to the backbone OSPF area. The backbone area has the identifier 0.0.0.0. Inter-area routing goes via the backbone.
Routers in the same broadcast domain or at each end of a point-to-point telecommunications link form adjacencies when they have detected each other. This detection occurs when a router identifies itself in a hello packet. This identifies a two way state. The router selects a designated router (DR) and a backup designated router (BDR) which act as a hub to reduce traffic between routers.
OSPF uses both unicast and multicast to send hello packets and link state updates. Multicast addresses 224.0.0.5 (all SPF/link state routers) and 224.0.0.6 (all Designated Routers) are reserved for OSPF. In contrast to the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) or the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), OSPF does not use TCP or UDP but uses IP directly, via IP protocol 89. OSPF handles its own error detection and correction, therefore negating the need for TCP or UDP functions.
Entuity supports OSPF through the Routing Protocols module, which is activated through configure.
OSPF general attributes
Attribute | Description |
---|---|
Router ID | unique identifier for the router, as defined by the ospf router-id command or the address of the loopback 0 interface. |
Options | summarized description of the device, e.g. stub areas, TOS capability. |
Priority |
helps determine the designated router for this network. When two routers attached to a network both attempt to become the designated router, the one with the higher router priority takes precedence. If there is a tie, the router with the higher Router ID takes precedence. When priority is set to:
|
Remote Peer IP Address | IP address of remote OSPF peer interface. |
Local Peer IP Address | IP address of local OSPF peer interface. |
Hello Suppressed |
when set to:
|
Permanence | type of peering permanence, e.g. Dynamic. |
OSPF peer stream attributes
Entuity polls for router OSPF state information every five minutes, and uses these values for event generation.
Attribute | Description |
---|---|
State |
current state of the router. Full is the normal state. If a router remains in another state, it is an indication that there are problems in forming peerings. |
State Changes |
number of state changes during the polling interval. |
Retry Queue |
current length of the retries queue. |
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